The Style Of Ernest Hemingway - 1187 Words

Ernest Miller Hemingway is a renowned American novelist, poet, short-story writer, and journalist. His repute as a novelist refers to the style that greatly influenced the twentieth- century fiction authors, and for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1954. His father was a doctor and he was the second of six children. In 1917 Hemingway worked at Kansas City Star as a cub-reporter. Later he went to work as an ambulance driver on the Italian Front where he was badly injured but two times he was decorated for his bravery. He went back to America in 1919 and married in 1921. In 1922, he was engaged in reporting on the Greco-Turkish war two years later shifted from Journalism to dedicate his endouvers to fiction.†¦show more content†¦Hemingway lived in a six-bedroom Victorian house built by Ernests widowed maternal grandfather, Ernest Miller Hall, an English immigrant and Civil War Veteran who lived with the family. Hemingway was his namesake. Hemingways mot her once aspired to an opera career and earned money giving voice and music lessons. She was domineering out and narrowly religious, mirroring the strict protestant ethic of Oak Park, which Hemingway later said that they had wide lawns and narrow minds. While his mother hoped that her son would develop an interest in music, Hemingway adopted his fathers outdoorsmans hobbies of hunting, fishing and camping in the woods and lakes of Northern Michigan. These early experiences in close contact with nature instilled in Hemingways lifelong passion for outdoor adventure in remote or isolated areas. Hemingway attended Oak Park and River Forest High School from September 1913 until his graduation in June, 1917. He excelled both academically and athletically; he boxed, played American football, and displayed particular talent in English classes. His first writing experience was writing for Trapeze and Tabula (the school newspaper and year book, respectively) in his junior year, and then servi ng as editor in his senior year. He sometimes wrote under the pen name Ring Lander, Jr., and nod to his literary hero Ring Lander. After high school, Hemingway did not want to go toShow MoreRelatedThe Many Styles Of Ernest Hemingway1768 Words   |  8 Pages The Many Styles of Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway is well known throughout American literature for his unique style of writing, which contributed greatly to the overall effect and meaning of his stories. Before writing short stories, Hemingway was a journalist, which is where he adopted many of his unique techniques of writing. While writing as a journalist, Hemingway tended to write pieces that contained brief, choppy sentences and were generally minimalistic andRead MoreThe American Style : Ernest Hemingway s Writing Method1964 Words   |  8 PagesThe American Style: Ernest Hemingway’s Writing Method It is extremely rare when someone enters the world of literature and essentially changes everything. Ernest Hemingway is one of these people. His style of writing is unique compared to anybody before him. He has reserved his spot amongst the most influential authors of all time, basically defining the style of American literature. This style includes basic sentence structure with less adjectives, deeper meaning behind the simplicity, useRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Style and Theme in Works by Ernest Hemingway3088 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis of Style and Theme in Works by Ernest Hemingway This research paper will analyze style and theme in two of Ernest Hemingways short stories, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Big Two-Hearted River, and two novels, The Sun Also Rises and Green Hills of Africa.1 The Snows of Kilimanjaro is about an author named Harry, who is lying on the African plain and dying of gangrene. The Big Two-Hearted River is about an ex-World War I soldier, Nick, who is trying to put his life backRead MoreWriting Styles Of Ernest Faulkner And The Sun Also Rises By Earnest Hemingway And As I Lay Dying1528 Words   |  7 Pages2014 Writing Styles of Hemingway and Faulkner The style of an authors writing can often be the key to understanding the emotions and thoughts that they want to convey onto the reader. Sometimes the comparison of various authors can show how different styles of writing bring different events and characters into play. This is particularly true with the authors William Faulkner and Earnest Hemingway. Their writing styles are exponentially different, but both authors use their differing styles to theirRead More Ernets Hemingway Essay example1287 Words   |  6 Pages Ernest Hemingway I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Introduction to Ernest Hemingway II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Life and Times A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Early Life 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Birth 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Parents 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Influences 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Siblings 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hobbies B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Adulthood 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;War 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Influences 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;MarriageRead MoreErnest Hemingway, a Legacy for American Literature1550 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway, A legacy for American Literature Some say that Hemingways personal life should disqualify him from the literature canon. They state that his torrent affairs, his alcoholism, and his mental state should preclude him from entry into the canon. These are the very things that help to make Hemingway a unique writer. Although his genre is fiction, he relies on his real life experiences with the people and places that he visited. The very definition of the literary canon disputes theseRead MoreErnest Hemingway s Life As A Writer1074 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Miller Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Chicago, IL to Clarence and Grace Hill-Hemingway. Ernest’s parents were a physician and a musician, respectively, and were both well educated individuals who encouraged their children to follow in their footsteps educationally. Ernest Hemingway began his career as an author and journalist at the age of seventeen. Ernest took a high school course in Journalism taught by Fannie Biggs, which was taught, as though the classroom were a newspaper officeRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay526 Words   |  3 PagesErnest Hemingway Who is Ernest Hemingway? Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, an upper-middle-class suburb of Chicago(Ernest Hemingwaypar 4). He was born in the front bedroom of grandfather Ernest Halls house at eight oclock A.M., July 21, 1899. His parents were Dr. Clarence Edmonds and Grace Hall Hemingway. Ernest was the second child and his sister, Marcelline, was born eighteen months earlier. He also had two other siblings. Carol was born July 19, 1911Read MoreTaking a Look at Ernest Hemingway1167 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway Research Paper Ernest Hemingway was an extraordinary individual. There was a lot more to his life than most readers know about. His writing was influenced by the lifestyle that he led. Hemingway was an adventurous person that liked to live life to its fullest. Just like everyone, he made decisions that were both good and bad, and his decisions and actions shaped his writing style. Hemmingway found a great deal of success and his career was topped off with him being awarded theRead More Ernest Hemingway’s Portrayal of Masculinity Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway’s Portrayal of Masculinity When thinking of masculinity in literature, one author has who has become synonymous with manliness comes to mind, Ernest Hemingway. Critics have spent countless hours studying his writing in order to gain insight into his world of manly delights, including his views on sex, war, and sport. His views can be seen through his characters, his themes and even his style of writing. The characters in Hemingway’s stories reveal much about how he feels

The Effects of Violent Video Games on the Behavior of...

Violent Video Games Introduction The debate about violent video games and whether or not those games influence the behavior of young people in particular, young boys has been going on for many years. There is no doubt that video games are very popular among pre-adolescents and adolescents. In fact, recent research in the New Hampshire Business Review (June, 2012) shows that 42% of the 300 boys that participated in a survey indicated they would rather play video games than play sports with other boys. In the survey (of boys eight to fourteen years of age) 84% of the 300 boys reported that they either quit or wanted to quit a sports team they were on because they werent having fun (New Hampshire Business Review). Thesis: The research to be presented in this paper clearly and objectively indicates that adolescent boys that play violent video games frequently do in fact act out physically aggressive behaviors later in their lives. Body of the Paper Do violent video games have an effect on the mental processes of a young boy? A peer-reviewed article in the Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media looked into the process in which  ¦certain stimuli can activate ideas that are directly linked to the stimuli within adolescents minds (Chory-Assad, 2005, p. 1). The theory operating in this research is that thoughts are generated in an adolescents mind that result from the presentation of a certain stimulus. The concept of priming (a process during which certainShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Aggression Based on Violent Videogames1645 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescent Aggression Based on Violent Videogames Violent video games played by millions of people every day results in animated characters having hearts ripped out, heads decapitated, and blood squirting across the screen as their mutilated bodies are erased from the screen. Most players play these games to pass the time, increase hand eye coordination, and create harmless competitions amongst those playing. However, some who play these games are entranced by the violent aggressive behaviorsRead MoreBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreViolent Video Games : Positive And Negative Effects On Children And Adolescents774 Words   |  4 Pagesgaming systems, violent video games have become well-liked by children and adolescents. The playing of violent video games has always been a controversial topic, but in recent years it has become a heated debate. Whether the playing of these games desensitize the player or not. Video games have been around since the late 1970s, however violent video games were introduced in the 1990s. In recent year s the violence in games have increased along with the enhanced graphics making the games more realisticRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Behavior1378 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games (electronic games that can be played on one’s computer, television or any display screen) are popular today adolescents. Although games are fun and entertaining many people worry about the violent content within some games. Violent video gaming has been a huge topic of concern because people fear it will lead to aggressive behavior. Although there is considerable evidence that link violent video games to aggressive behavior and cognition, the interpretation of the connection differsRead MoreImpact of Violent Video Games on Adolescents Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games already have a bad reputation when it comes to the teenage generation. The video games that are being released in the past ten years have caused some speculation if they are suitable for kids to play. Some states ha ve even tried getting involved with the issue by banning the distribution of offensive video games to minors. First-person shooting games have increased in popularity, and some experts say it is also increases violent behavior in the adolescents that are playing it. The increaseRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children And Adolescents Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the hottest issues in the media in the past decade is violence in video games and how violent video games influence aggressive and violent behavior in children and adolescents. Some psychologists believe violent video games influence violent behavior in children through social learning and modeling behaviors after characters in video games that â€Å"glorify† violence and criminals (Schultz Schultz, 2013, p. 331). Other psychologists argue that other factors, such as poor socioeconomic statusRead MoreThe True Cause Of Violent Behaviors1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe True Cause of Violent Behav iors in Today s Society There are volumes of media that are starting to harm the world in which we live. They have been linked to fourteen mass murders (Fletcher). Nine out of the top ten selling games have been labeled as violent and 42% of adolescents play them (â€Å"Children and Video Games†). These violent video games are a major problem in the United States and across the globe. Violent video games have a direct correlation with negative behaviors because they increaseRead MoreThe Effects Of Playing Video Games On Adolescents1554 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 2016 Adolescents Playing Video Games An Issue Analysis Essay Introduction: Are there people who have never played video games at least once in their adolescence? You might recall some happy memories of playing video games with your best friends or that your parents punished you because you spent a lot of time playing video games. Most school teachers and parents are apt to think that playing video games in adolescence might only have negative impacts on adolescents. Playing video games is consideredRead MoreThe Number Of School Shootings1613 Words   |  7 Pagesa correlation between the increased numbers in young adolescents playing video games containing violence, and the increased numbers of teenage school shootings. Brad Bushman believes there is a correlation between â€Å"video game violence and violence† (2013, p. 376) To explore the correlation, one must first understand the definition of aggression. Eden and Eshet-Alkalai use Anderson and Bushman’s (2003) definition: â€Å"who define aggression as a behavior that is directed toward another person (eitherRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words   |  5 Pagesenjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. These days, video games have become an issue that has brought concern to many people from parents to scholars about their potential effect on the future of children through influencing their conduct. They feel that the violent behavior or any other negative consequence can occur as an undesirable result of letting their children utilize these games to spend

Essay On Telemachos Essay Example For Students

Essay On Telemachos Essay Becoming a man. The goal attempted by all young boys, but achieved by few. Around the age of fifteen the dream of going on some adventure and risking death to prove bravery is envisioned in our heads and we go crazy. We scan every moment of our teenage lives for a chance at manhood and in some form or other we all get one. Usually it isnt an extravagant adventure as wed like, but some menial task we have to settle for. For Telemachos, on the other hand, its the quest of a lifetime. To sail off in search of his father, to protect his home, and defend his mother. What more could a boy ask for? Sure, the odds were against him. Sure, he could have been killed. But did that stop Telemachos? No way. With the help of Athena, he sailed off as a boy, and returned as a man. Our first impression of Telemachos is a skinny, whiney, helpless little boy. Men have invaded his house, taken his food, and are wooing his mother. Athena comes and visits him to ask of his situation. He cowardly tells her: ?These eating up my substancewaste it away; and soon they will breakme myself to pieces. p.33 lines 250-251Obviously Telemachos is still too young to take charge. So Athena suggests he go sail and seek word of his fathers condition. The next day he calls a meeting of the town council and asks for help. He receives none. This is the decisive moment when he chooses to go out and be a man. So Telmachos decides to do it alone, mind you now Athena is still on his side. She gets the men and a boat, he gets the provisions. When all is ready, Athena tells him to sneak out of his house, a sign that Telemachos is still a boy and needs assistance. Telemachos goes to see Nestor. A fine king who was a friend off his fathers. Nestor treats Telemachos royally, but has no news o f Oddyseus. Telemachos is a little distraught, but he decides to make a land journey to see Menelaos. He sets off in the morning and reaches the castle at dusk. Immediately he goes to Menelaos. They eat and then Telemachos gets revealed as the son of Odysseus. After a brief welcoming, Telemachos gets to the point. He asks of his father and if he is alive. Menelaos says that he does have some news that might prove useful. ? saw on an island, weeping big tears in the palaceof the nymph Kalypso, and she detains byconstraint, and he cannot make his way tohis country, for he has not any ships by him,nor any companions who can convey himback across the seas wide ridges. p.79 lines 556-560Even after such good news, Telemachos is still doubtful of his fathers condition. It seems obvious that Telemachoss character is still too weak to have confidence in his fathers return. He decides to stay with Menelaos for a few days and also receives many gifts from the king. There Telemachos stayed as a happy guest until Athena tells him of whats ahead. Athena informs Telemachos that its time to return to Ithika. She also warns him that some of the suitors are waiting in a ship to ambush him. By now, Telemachos has matured a lot and doesnt seem too worried over the situation. His ship returns home in one piece, and he goes to see Eumaos. There he meets a beggar who turns out to be Odysseus. They plot the death of the su itors together, as men. They set a trap and when the time is right, together they kill all 108 suitors. Telemachos shows quite a change from his former self. Standing beside and following his fathers example has made Telemachos much moregrown up. He is now bold, brave, and courageous. He stands up to the suitors. When the townspeople come to avenge the deaths of their kin, Odysseus acknowledges that Telemachos is now and a man, and he must be brave and bring honor to his name. To this Telemachos answers: You will see, dear father, if you wish, that as far as my will goes, I will not shame the blood that comes from you, Which you speak of. p.358 lines 511-512The absence of a man from his home forced Telemachos to stand up and become one. He needed the help of Athena almost the whole time, but then again, so did his father Odysseus, a man known throughout the world for his bravery, strength, and cunning. Being a man in Greece basically means to stand up for yourself and be the master of your home. To fight with bravery and to display your strength. Telemachos was a boy whose circumstances forced him to become a man. In the end, we see him depart just like his father, strong, smart, brave, and pig-headed.

Mozarts Symphony No. 28 in C Major, Part III (Menuetto Allegreto)

Classical music has always been popular. Not every person understands its beauty and meaning, however, I believe that it can influence on every person it its particular way, no matter whether you like it or not. Recently, I had a great opportunity to see the concert at the Nightingale Concert Hall. It was performed by the Reno Chamber Orchestra conducted by Theodore Kuchar. The orchestra performed Mozart’s Symphonies. I was greatly impressed by the concert.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mozart’s Symphony No. 28 in C Major, Part III (Menuetto: Allegreto) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, I have chosen the Symphony No. 28 in C Major, part III (Menuetto: Allegreto) for my respond as I liked it the most. The Mozart’s Symphony No. 28 in C Major, part III (Menuetto: Allegreto) is one of the most impressive musical compositions I have ever heard, it is calm and energetic at the same time, and it makes you feel as if you went into the 17th century. As I have already mentioned, the concert was devoted to the music by Mozart. I have heard many compositions by Wolfgang Mozart, and I consider him one of the most talented and unique composers of all times. His music is wonderful, magic, and mysterious. It can be tender, energetic, romantic and joyful. For example, such work as â€Å"The Requiem† which is his most famous and impressive work. Actually, I have never heard the Symphony No. 28 in C Major before, but I am glad that I had a chance to hear this wonderful â€Å"piece of Art† as I really got a real pleasure. So, the Symphony No. 28 in C Major, part III (Menuetto: Allegreto) was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart approximately in 1774. It was the last piece of his â€Å"Salzburg series†. Few words should be mentioned about the à ©poque when the work was created. This period is called the Classical period in Western music. Usually, the classical music includes all works written from the 16th to the 19th century, however, a true classical period is between the years 1730 and 1820. It is marked by works of such great composers as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Schubert, Ludwig van Beethoven and Antonio Salieri. The music of the classical period was much â€Å"lighter† than the music of the previous Baroque period. As M. Tevfik Dorak writes in the article â€Å"Classical (Period) Music†, the characteristic features of this period were â€Å"slow harmonic rhythm, primary triads, appoggiaturas, frequent cadences, clear articulation, variety in orchestral texture, varying dynamics, independence of orchestral sections, tenor registry of the bassoon, double woodwind (including clarinets)† (n. pg.).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At first, the Classical music took some features from the Baroque music. But l ater, it adopted its unique style, format and form. According to the book by Kerman and Tomlinson, â€Å"a four-movement format dominated Classical instrumental genres. The internal structures of important Classical forms associated with the four-movement plan: sonata form, theme and variations, minuet form, rondo form† (76). All these features can be found in the compositions written by Mozart, the most influential composer of the period. He lived a short life, but he managed to create music that will live forever. Mozart was a very talented child. He started performing before European royalty when he was 5. His first teacher was his father Leopold. But it was Bach who had the greatest influence on the Mozart’s development as the composer, â€Å"Bach introduced Wolfgang to the world of the opera and the symphony, treating the boy as the colleague†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Melograni and Cochrane 20). Bach’s music was filled with symbolism and â€Å"harmonic innovationsâ €  of the period, but the music of his pupil was not so radical. It was very charming, had a natural flow and was filled with different emotions: humor, sorrow, joy that can interweave or go separately. The composer created the most successful operas and symphonies ever. Mozart was one of the first composers who started creating symphonies. It was a â€Å"musical genre that just began to gain acceptance† and it was Mozart, who â€Å"succeeded in producing compositions of high quality in a new genre† (Melograni and Cochrane 22). One of such â€Å"perfect compositions† is Mozart’s Symphony No. 28 in C Major, part III (Menuetto: Allegreto). The symphony is arranged in the traditional classical symphonic form: Allegro vivace, Andante cantabile in F major, Menuetto: Allegretto – Trio, and Molto Allegro. The sonata is filled with contrasts and it is rather extraverted. It begins with the themes of symphony, but the second part of the trio is more acce ntuated and expressive. I guess, it is incorporated and modified with Allegretto. The characteristic feature of the symphony is the â€Å"five-voice fugato† that are aimed to present fife symphonic themes of the composition. In the third part, they are used in order to combine themes together. The motifs are joined in the â€Å"fugal cola†. The third part is characterized by classical harmony and â€Å"tender† melody that rises and falls through the composition. As for me, I was charmed with the music. I believe that it is a special ability to know to listen to the classical music and I am glad that I develop this ability. So, the piece was very exciting and I was fascinated with the rhythm and dynamics of the melody and with the contrast of strong and light musical waves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mozart’s Symphony No. 28 in C Major, Part III (Menuetto: Allegreto) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Symphony No. 28 in C Major, part III (Menuetto: Allegreto) is one of the greatest orchestra compositions. It is a marvelous work of the Classical period. It still captures attention of many people and evokes wonderful feeling of delight with the music. Works Cited Dorak, M.Tevfik. â€Å"Classical (Period) Music†. About.com, 5 Apr. 2008, Web. Melograni, Piero, and Lydia G. Cochrane. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. This essay on Mozart’s Symphony No. 28 in C Major, Part III (Menuetto: Allegreto) was written and submitted by user Sierra V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Outsourcing Seats to Turkey

Outsourcing Seats to Turkey Introduction The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of outsourcing on VDL Group’s supply chain strategy and processes. In addition, a plan to outsource CAD conversion services to Outsource2india will be presented.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Outsourcing Seats to Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Outsourcing refers to the process of â€Å"contracting with a third-party service provider for the management and completion of a certain amount of work, for a specified length of time, cost, and level of services† (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2009, p. 4). The main objective of outsourcing is to enable companies to improve their competitiveness through cost reduction, economies of scale, and flexibility in production (Varadarajan 2008, pp. 1165-1172). VDL is a manufacturing company that was founded in the Netherlands in 1953. The company is organized into four divisions namely, subc ontracting, car assembly, bus/ coach, and finished products (VDL 2014). The subcontracting division specializes in mechatronic systems, manufacturing plastics, and surface treatment. The car assembly division produces cars on behalf of other companies. The bus and coach division produces coaches and buses. The finished product division produces several products, which include car suspension systems, heating systems, and production automation systems (VDL 2014). Overall, the group consists of 81 operating companies that specialize in the production of specific products. The group has operations in 18 countries where it employs over 9,100 employees. In 2012, the company realized 1,756 million Euros in revenues (VDL 2014). Impact of Outsourcing VDL has outsourced production of the seats for its cars and buses to a Turkish company referred to as Brusa Seating. Brusa Seating specializes in the design, development, and production of seats, which it sells to original manufacturers of comme rcial vehicles (Brusa 2014). Outsourcing has had the following impacts on VDL. First, outsourcing has enabled the company to adjust the scale and scope of its production capability at a low cost. Given the high competition in the automobile industry, manufacturing companies have had to adopt lean production technologies in order to reduce operating costs. One of the strategies being used by VDL is to produce cars and buses on demand. This means that the company has to adjust its production capacity frequently in order to satisfy existing demand without holding unnecessary inventory or stock of completed buses/ cars. When the demand for buses is high, the company simply increases its order for new seats. This leads to cost savings since the company does not have to invest in new production systems or inventory to produce more seats (Williamson 2008, pp. 5-14). Conversely, when demand for buses is declining, the company orders for fewer seats. As a result, it avoids operating at exces s capacity, thereby eliminating the costs associated with warehousing and laying off staff during low demand seasons.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, outsourcing enables VDL to concentrate on its core activities, which include assembling cars and manufacturing buses. Undoubtedly, companies cannot pursue excellence in all activities in their value chain due to resource limitations (Liu Nagurney 2011, pp. 539-549). Thus, companies focus on their core competence in order to achieve a competitive advantage. In this context, core refers to the activities that are performed internally, contribute directly to the bottom line, and determine the future of the company. VDL’s core competence is in assembling cars and buses on behalf of third parties. Thus, it outsources the manufacture of car parts such as seats to third party producers where the manufact ure of car parts is a core competence. Outsourcing enables companies to focus on activities that add value to their customers (Tayauova 2012, pp. 188-195). At VDL, the value adding activities include product development, research, and provision of technical support to customers. By focusing on these activities, the company has been able to improve the quality of its products, thereby increasing sales, customer satisfaction, and market share. Finally, outsourcing enables VDL to achieve cost advantages through economies of scale. Economies of scale refer to a cost advantage that a company achieves through increased production of a given product (Belcourt 2006, pp. 269-279). Specifically, the fixed cost per unit reduces as the number of units produced rises. Outsourcing enables VDL to achieve economies of scale in several ways. To begin with, it enables the company to increase its production capacity without incurring the fixed costs associated with hiring new employees and holding lar ge inventories. Outsourcing also enables the company to improve its efficiency by purchasing seats at a favorable price. In particular, Brusa Seating has to supply the seats to VDL at a competitive price in order to maintain the outsourcing contract. Economies of scale enable VDL to reduce the average cost of producing its buses and cars, thereby improving its profit margins. Moreover, low production costs enable VDL to price its products competitively, thereby overcoming competition in the market. Risks and Benefits Benefits First, VDL benefits from access to the capabilities and the expertise of Brusa Seating. The automotive industry is capital intensive and thrives on the application of advanced technologies to achieve product and process innovation. This requires investments in modern production systems and the best talent (Gabriela Clark 2006, pp. 250-253).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Outsourcing Seats to Turkey specifically for you for onl y $16.05 $11/page Learn More The automotive industry in the Netherland is underdeveloped due to its high concentration. As a result, access to talent and advanced production technologies is limited. By contrast, Turkey’s automotive industry consists of numerous large producers who have decades of experience. Thus, outsourcing enables VDL to access advanced technologies and expertise through Brusa Seating (Weidenbaum 2005, pp. 311-315). Second, the company benefits from low labor costs by outsourcing to Brusa Seating. Turkey is â€Å"an emergent market in the new millennium expected to attract the interest of global companies in their attempt to obtain competitive advantages† (Aktas et al. 2011, pp. 833-852). One of the main advantages of Turkey is low labor cost. In 2013, the average hourly labor cost in the Netherlands was $34.75, whereas in Turkey the cost was $5 (World Bank 2014). Low labor costs enable Brusa Seating to produce seats for VDL at a low cost. As a result, VDL’s overall cost of producing buses and cars will reduce in the long-run (Quelin Duhamel 2003, pp. 647-661). Third, VDL has achieved a competitive advantage in the market through outsourcing. The company has achieved a differentiation advantage by contracting Brusa Seating to manufacture its seats. As a specialized seat producer, Brusa Seating focuses on conducting research and development to produce seats that meet the specific needs of its customers. Through product innovation, Brusa Seating has been able to supply VDL with seats that offer more comfort and flexibility than those provided by other companies. Differentiation will enable VDL’s buses to penetrate the market easily. Risks First, outsourcing to a Turkish company exposes VDL to the risk of language barriers. The official language in Turkey is Turkish. Over 90% of Turkey’s population speaks Turkish. By contrast, Dutch is the official language in the Netherlands and it is used b y over 90% of the population. Only 0.06% of the Netherland’s population can speak Turkish and Arabic. This means that communication is likely to be a problem since the employees of VDL and Brusa Seating are not likely to speak the same language. Undoubtedly, language barriers cause serious challenges such as misunderstandings among business partners. This can lead to costly mistakes such as poor product development and ineffective coordination of supply chain activities (Foogooa 2008, pp. 858-864).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, VDL and Brusa Seating have different levels of skills, expertise, and technical infrastructure. These differences limit the ability of the two companies to collaborate through joint research and development activities. As a strategic partner, VDL has to involve Brusa Seating in its product development initiatives to meet its product quality objectives. However, collaboration during product development will be very difficult if the employees from the two companies have different levels of expertise and skills (Trott 2006, pp. 672-681). For instance, VDL’s employees may not understand the procedures that their counterparts at Brusa Seating use to manufacture seats. Lack of special skills in key areas such as management of people, contracts, and processes will limit VDL’s ability to maintain control over the quality of the seats produced by Brusa Seating (Rottman Lacity 2006, pp. 56-63). Finally, cultural differences between the two companies and their countries of origin can limit their ability work as partners. Culture is an important aspect of every business since it determines the way people think, make decisions, communicate, coordinate, and resolve conflicts. The Netherlands and Turkey have very different cultures. Turkey has a high-context culture in which individuals value reputation, politeness, and tradition rather than clarity. The Netherlands, on the other hand, has a low-context culture where people value individualism and achievement. Given these differences, employees from the two companies are likely to have different expectations about the outsourcing partnership (Barthelemy Geyer 2001, pp. 195-202). The resulting communication gaps or misunderstandings can lead to conflicts that will eventually lead to failure. Outsourcing CAD Conversion Services to Outsource2india Developing and executing an effective outsourcing plan involves following five key steps, which are summarized in figure 1. Based on this framework, VDL should consider the following plan to outsource CAD conversion services to Outsource2india Ltd. Figure 1: Framework for Outsourcing Needs Assessment CAD conversion is the process of transforming hardcopy designs into a computer aided design format to facilitate improved storage, accuracy, and easy modification. As a manufacturer, VDL requires effective CAD conversion services to improve the quality of its services. CAD conversion is a vital process that requires advanced expertise, resources, and a dedicated team of professionals. Thus, VDL will require a significant amount of financial capital and expertise to run its own CAD conversion department. This is likely to shift the focus of the company away from its core activity of assembling cars and buses (Mclvor 2008, pp. 24-34). Since CAD conversion is not a core activity, VDL can outsource tasks such as CAD digitization, conversion to MicroStation, conversion of JPG to DWG, and conversion to AutoCAD to Outsource2india (Mclvor 2008, pp. 24-34). By outsourcing these tasks to an experienced third-party, VDL will benefit from time efficiency, quality work, and better utilization of its resources (Kobelsky Robinson 2010, 105-119). In addition, the company will save the costs associated with hiring and training CAD conversion staff and the cost of operating a CAD department. Proposal and Contracting Outsource2india has core competence in providing CAD conversion services to global firms. The company has a flexible capacity to handle any scope of CAD conversion work (Outsource2india 2014). Its capability is characterized by access to high-end technologies and infrastructure, as well as, the use of the latest software. Additionally, the company has in-built redundancy, which will facilitate quick capacity adjustments in response to an increase in demand (Outsource2india 2014). Outsource2india will provide high quality CAD conversion services due to its ability to access a highly skilled workforce. As a specialist in CAD conversion services, Outsource2india has invested in employees with technical skills and expertise in various aspects of computer aided design. As a result, it will provide custom CAD conversion solutions to suit each project’s requirements. Outsource2india provides time zone benefits since the company operates 24 hours, seven days a week. Thus, VDL will benefit from quick turnaround time (Samsudin, Hasim Fuzi 2013, pp. 1-8). Moreover, VDL will save up to 50% of its operating costs due to the low labor costs in India (Outsource2india 2014). Thus, the proposal to contract Outsource2india will enable VDL to enjoy both differentiation and cost advantages (Jensen 2011, pp. 311-326). Communication and Change Management At this stage, Outsource2india will collaborate with VDL to articulate the issues associated with outsourcing CAD conversion services. The communication vehicles that will be used include VDL Group’s newsletters and meetings. The communication activities wil l be used to identify the affected stakeholders and the basis of relationship between Outsource2india and VDL (Tate Ellram 2009, pp. 256-268). In addition, the benefits of outsourcing will be explained to the affected stakeholders to motivate them to support the anticipated changes in organizational design that will occur due to outsourcing CAD conversion services (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2009, pp. 94-112). Transition Management This stage will involve establishing the transition governance system to align the objectives and strategies of VDL to Outsource2india’s delivery system (Mani, Barua Whinston 2006, pp. 15-28). The change control process will be implemented to address emerging risks (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2009, pp. 94-112). In addition, the timeline for completing the work and the expected deliverables will be clarified at the transition stage. Training programs will be implemented to facilitate knowledge transfer from Outsource2india to VDL. Moreover, rela tionship management initiatives will focus on promoting effective coordination of supply chain activities between Outsource2india and VDL (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2009, pp. 94-112). Service Stabilization The transition team will be in charge of the service stabilization stage to ensure that the expected deliverables are achieved. Outsource2india will focus on delivering the CAD conversion services as required by VDL. The relationship governance structure will be used to resolve any issues that might arise during the provision of the outsourced services (Dolgui Proth 2013, pp. 6769-6777). Recommendations According to the agency theory, outsourcing contracts are likely to face significant challenges if the vendor and the client have different goals. Outsourcing is likely to fail if the client is not able to measure the vendor’s output (Ryan Delgado-Sanchez 2009, pp. 52-71). Moreover, opportunistic vendors will always take advantage of the loopholes in the outsourcing cont ract to fulfill their goals at the expense of their clients. In order to avoid these challenges, VDL should use an outcome-based contract where the vendors are paid according to their achievements. This will shift the risks associated with the contract to the vendor, thereby encouraging high productivity (Logan 2000, pp. 27-30). VDL should control vendors’ opportunistic behaviors by increasing its involvement in the production of the outsourced services. Additionally, it should hire a qualified independent consultant to audit the vendors to enhance achievement of the desired quality standards. Second, VDL should visit Brusa Seating’s premises in Turkey to inspect the adequacy of its production capacity and to identify the challenges that the company is likely to face in producing seats. This will enable VDL to identify the risks that are likely to reduce the effectiveness of its outsourcing contract with Brusa Seating in order to take timely actions (Kroes Ghosh 2009, pp. 124-143). Finally, VDL should invest in IT and communication techniques to improve its supply chain system. This involves integrating its supply chain system with those of its outsourcing partners to facilitate effective exchange of information and coordination of activities. Integration can be achieved through technologies such as cloud computing and business-to-business e-commerce platforms. Furthermore, VDL should train its employees on various languages to overcome communication challenges. This will facilitate effective communication between the company and its outsourcing partners who are based in various countries. References Aktas, E, Agaran, B, Ulengin, F Onsel, S 2011, The Use of Outsourcing Logistics: The Case of Turkey, Transportation Research Part C, vol. 19 no. 1, pp. 833-852. Barthelemy, J Geyer, D 2001, IT Outsourcing: Evidence from France and Germany, European Management, vol. 19 no. 2, pp. 195-202. Belcourt, M 2006, Outsourcing: The Benefits and the Risks, H uman Resources Management Review, vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 269-279. Brusa 2014, About Brusa, brusaseating.eu/. Dolgui, A Proth, J 2013, Outsourcing: Definitions and Analysis, International Journal of Product Research, vol. 51 no. 23, pp. 6769-6777. Foogooa, R 2008, IS Outsourcing: A Strategic Perspective, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 14 no. 6, pp. 858-864. Gabriela, K Clark, D 2006, Outsourcing to China: Risks and Benefits, Computer Law and Security Report, vol. 22 no. 2, pp. 250-253. Jensen, P 2012, A Passage to India: A Dual Case Study of Activities, Processes and Resources in Offshore Outsourcing of Advanced Services, Journal of World Business, vol. 47 no. 1, pp. 311-326. Kobelsky, K Robinson, M 2009, The Impact of Outsourcing on Information Technology Spending, International Journal of Accounting Information systems, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 105-119. Kroes, J Ghosh, S 2009, Outsourcing Congruence with Competitive Priorities: Impact on Supply Chain and Firm Performance, Jou rnal of Operations Management, 28 no. 1, pp. 124-143. Liu, Z Nagurney, A 2011, Supply Chain Outsourcing Under Exchange Rate Risk and Competition, Omega, vol. 39 no. 1, pp. 539-549. Logan, M 2000, Using Agency Theory to Design Successful Outsourcing relationships, International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 11 no. 2, pp. 21-31. Mani, D, Barua, A Whinston, A 2006, Successful Governing Business Process Outsourcing Relationships, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 15-29. Mclvor, R 2008, What is the Right Outsourcing Strategy for Your Process? European Management Journal, vol. 26 no. 2, pp. 24-34. Oshri, I, Kotlarsky, J Willcocks, L 2009, The Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Offshoring, Palgrave Macmillan, Landon. Outsource2india 2014, Why Outsource2india, https://www.outsource2india.com/. Quelin, B Duamel, F 2003, Bringing Together Strategic Outsourcing and Corporate Strategy: Outsourcing Motives and Risks, European Management Journal, vol. 21 no. 5, pp. 647-661. R ottman, J Lacity, M 2006, Proven Practices for Effective Offshoring IT Work, MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 47 no. 3, pp. 56-63. Ryan, B Delgado-Sanchez, A 2009, Outsourcing relationships: A Case of Accounting Surveillance, Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, vol. 6 no. 1, pp. 52-71. Samsudin, N, Hasim, R Fuzi, S 2013, Electronic Government Outsourcing Issues in Malaysia, Journal of Outsourcing and Organizational Information on Management, vol. 20 no. 3, pp. 1-8. Trott, A 2006, Innovation Risks of Strategic Outsourcing, Technovation, vol. 26 no. 1, pp. 672-681. Tate, W Ellram, L 2009, Offshore Outsourcing: A Managerial Framework, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, vol. 23 no. 4, pp. 256-268. Tayauova, G 2012, Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing: Analysis of Outsourcing Practices of Kazakhstan Banks, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 41 no. 1, pp. 188-195. Varadarajan, R 2008, Outsourcing: Think More Expansively, Journal of Business Research, vol. 62 no. 2, pp. 1165-1172. VDL 2014, Profile, https://www.vdlgroep.com/nl. Weidenbaum, M 2005, Outsourcing: Pros and Cons, Business Horizon, vol. 48 no. 1, pp. 311-315. Williamson, O 2008, Outsourcing: Transaction Cost Economics and Supply Chain Management, Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 44 no. 2, pp. 5-14. World Bank 2014, Data Bank, worldbank.org/.

Definition and Examples of Word Borrowing

Definition and Examples of Word Borrowing In linguistics, borrowing  (also known as lexical borrowing) is the process by which a word from one language  is adapted for use in another. The word that is borrowed is called a borrowing, a borrowed word, or a  loanword.   The English language has been described by David Crystal as an insatiable borrower. More than 120 other languages have served as sources for the contemporary vocabulary of English. Present-day English is also a major donor languagethe leading source of borrowings for many other languages. Etymology From Old English, becoming Examples and Observations English . . . has freely appropriated the major parts of its vocabulary from Greek, Latin, French, and dozens of other languages. Even though The officials automobile functioned erratically consists entirely of borrowed words, with the single exception of the, it is uniquely an English sentence.The problem with defending the purity of the English language is that English is about as pure as a cribhouse whore. We dont just borrow words; on occasion, English has pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and rifle their pockets for new vocabulary.Exploration and BorrowingThe vocabulary of English based on exploration and trade [was] often brought to England in spoken form or in popular printed books and pamphlets. An early example is assassin (eater of hashish), which appears in English about 1531 as a loanword from Arabic, probably borrowed during the Crusades. Many of the other words borrowed from eastern countries during the Middle Ages were the names of product s (Arabic lemon, Persian musk, Semitic cinnamon, Chinese silk) and place names (like damask, from Damascus). These were the most direct examples of the axiom that a new referent requires a new word. Enthusiastic BorrowersEnglish speakers have long been globally among the most enthusiastic borrowers of other peoples words and many, many thousands of English words have  been acquired in just this way.  We get kayak from  an Eskimo language, whisky from Scottish Gaelic, ukulele from Hawaiian, yoghurt from Turkish, mayonnaise from French, algebra from Arabic, sherry from Spanish, ski  from Norwegian, waltz from German, and kangaroo from the Guugu-Yimidhirr language of Australia. Indeed, if you leaf through the pages of an English dictionary that provide the sources of words, you will discover that well over half the words in it are taken from other languages in one way or another (although not always by the sort of straightforward borrowing we are considering here).Reasons for Language BorrowingOne language may possess words for which there are no equivalents in the other language. There may be words for objects, social, political, and cultural institutions and events or abs tract concepts which are not found in the culture of the other language. We can take some examples from the English language throughout the ages. English has borrowed words for types of houses (e.g. castle, mansion, teepee, wigwam, igloo, bungalow). It has borrowed words for cultural institutions (e.g. opera, ballet). It has borrowed words for political concepts (e.g. perestroika, glasnost, apartheid). It often happens that one culture borrows from the language of another culture words or phrases to express technological, social or cultural innovations. Contemporary BorrowingToday only about five percent of our new words are taken from other languages. They are especially prevalent in the names of foods: focaccia, salsa, vindaloo, ramen.Borrowings From EnglishEnglish borrowings are entering languages everywhere, and in more domains than just science and technology. Not surprisingly, the reported reaction of a Paris disk jockey to the French Academys latest pronouncements against English borrowings was to use an English borrowing to call the pronouncement pas trà ¨s cool (not very cool). Pronunciation BOR-owe-ing Sources Peter Farb,  Word Play: What Happens When People Talk. Knopf, 1974James Nicoll,  Linguist, February 2002W.F. Bolton,  A Living Language: The History and Structure of English. Random House, 1982Trasks Historical Linguistics, 3rd ed., ed. by  Robert McColl Millar. Routledge, 2015Allan Metcalf,  Predicting New Words. Houghton Mifflin, 2002Carol Myers-Scotton,  Multiple Voices: An Introduction to Bilingualism. Blackwell, 2006Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones,  Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Multilingual Matters, 1998

Personalized Medicine and Biomarkers (Biomedical Informatics) Research Paper

Personalized Medicine and Biomarkers (Biomedical Informatics) - Research Paper Example Biomedical informatics and health informatics is an interdisciplinary field which integrates different fields such as computer science, biology, medicine and health care. It fosters an effective analysis and management of data for its application in health care. Bernstam et al , [1] defines biomedical informatics as a science of information where data is presented together with meaning in finding solutions to biomedical related problems. This makes the field distinct from related fields such as biomedicine, bioinformatics and computer science. Computers provide the interface between the data which they process and humans interpret the meaning of the data, a task the computers are incapable of carrying out appropriately. This field has gained relevance because of the rise in use of electronic health records and the plethora of data emanating from genomics research, [2]. Because of the growth of the data available to professionals in the healthcare, there has been a change in the patte rn of medical decision making towards the requirement of informatics and information technology platform to assist medics in their decision making. Personalized medicine is a form of medicine that makes use of personal information derived from person’s genes, proteins and environment to assist in disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment, [3]. A biomarker is a variable which can be a gene, protein, or chemical which is altered in disease condition. Biomarkers are classified as prognostic, predictive or therapeutic biomarkers. Prognostic biomarkers try to assess the likely cause of a disease whereas predictive ones assess the probability of whether a patient will benefit from a particular therapy. In the recent times, personalized medicine has been ameliorated by a more improved molecular understanding of disease thereby introducing effective